As you play Romans: Age of Caesar, the Houses are in constant battle with each other trying to secure the most Glory. Houses need Glory to win rounds and eventually whole Epochs. You can view all the current Epoch information by opening the Glory Rankings panel.
Round points are awarded to the House that has accumulated the highest amount of Glory by the time the Glory Round ends.
Once a House has won the required amount of Glory Rounds, the Epoch will end.
The ending of an Epoch will bring many changes to the game world. All Houses will be disbanded, new bonuses will become available and new items will become available in the loot pool. You can view the changes new Epochs will bring by pressing the Epoch flag.